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每一個人碰到的圍停經期都不同，但對許多人來說，這段荷爾蒙之路就如同青春期那般困難重重。更糟的是，這些症狀通常會相互重疊：熱潮紅會導致睡眠不足，使憂鬱症惡化等等。這有點像是經前症候群，只不過每天都這樣。 醫生們曾認為更年期是緩慢減少雌激素，這過程可能長達數年，直到最後一次經期為止。如今研究已經發現，圍停經期，約翰霍普金斯大學網站定義是，更年期卵巢開始衰老以前的過渡期，並非緩慢地衰退，通常是混亂且具破壞性。當雌激素減少太多，許多女性會感覺到一大堆像是更年期的症狀，從熱潮紅到睡眠問題都有。 多數處在圍停經期的女性也會經歷大量出血，稱為「經血過多」，就像我在船上活像命案現場的那一次，經血會多到浸透衣服，這種情況可能維持數月之久，有時候還可能讓你無法出門。經歷圍停經期的女性，長達十幾天的經期是很常見的事，有時候經血量會多到他們以為自己患了嚴重內傷或生病，最後急忙跑去掛急診。 鎂功效能幫助睡眠嗎？缺鎂症狀或補充鎂副作用有哪些？何時吃最好？含鎂食物12款大盤點 你是否容易疲勞、難以入眠的狀況？這有可能是身體缺 鎂 的警訊！最近市面上越來越多的食品和飲用水都有添加鎂成分，顯示鎂對身體的重要性越來越受重視。鎂的功效有哪些？缺鎂的症狀有哪些？鎂的副作用有哪些？本文一次搞懂高鎂食物這樣吃不過量！ 鎂在人體之含量僅次於鈣、鉀、鈉，是體內含量第四豐富的礦物質。鎂不僅參與人體能量代謝與酵素的作用，也參與蛋白質合成，是身體機能運作的重要元素之一。 目前尚未有報告顯示從「一般食物」攝取過量鎂有不適反應，大多是由「含鎂藥物」或「鎂補充劑」攝取過量引起，初期症狀大多以腹瀉為主。食藥署也提醒，過量攝取鎂離子可能會增加腎臟負擔、結石風險，因此，使用鎂補充劑或含有鎂藥物前，應向醫師詢問討論適合的劑量。 鼻子是防感冒第一防線！5個習慣害免疫力失守，難怪動不動就感冒！ 入秋日夜溫差大，特別容易著涼，也因此秋天後進入感冒旺季，如果不想動不動就中標，不妨從維持鼻腔濕潤下手。有專家提醒，鼻腔太乾燥，會讓黏膜防衛能力變差、無法阻擋外來細菌，平常像是挖鼻孔、用空氣清新劑等5個NG習慣，都可能成為容易感冒的原因。 鼻腔是對抗病毒、過濾環境中刺激物的第一道防線，而濕潤的鼻腔有保護黏膜的效果，反之，如果鼻腔內部太乾燥，就會造成過濾和防禦病毒的功能變差。台大醫院過敏免疫科總醫師張簡晴瑩也曾在接受媒體訪問時解釋，當鼻黏膜乾燥， 鼻

Introduction The legalization of  cannabis  in Canada has marked a significant milestone in drug policy, reflecting a shift towards a more progressive and health-oriented approach. As the landscape continues to evolve, it is essential to reflect on the progression of cannabis laws, assess current challenges, and explore potential reforms. This article examines the ongoing issues facing cannabis policy in Canada, the lessons that can be learned from international experiences, and the outlook for the future of cannabis regulation.   Reflection on the Evolution of Cannabis Laws Canada’s journey toward  cannabis  legalization has been characterized by a complex interplay of societal attitudes, public health considerations, and economic factors. From the initial prohibition in the early 20th century to the establishment of a legal framework with the Cannabis Act in 2018, the evolution of cannabis laws reflects a growing recognition of the need for reform. This historical context underscores

Introduction The legalization of cannabis in Canada in 2018 has had a profound impact on social attitudes and cultural perceptions surrounding the substance. Once associated with stigma and criminality, cannabis is increasingly viewed through a lens of acceptance and integration. This article explores how legalization has shifted public opinion, its impact on crime rates, the role of cannabis in Canadian culture, and community initiatives aimed at promoting responsible use and education. Exploration of Social Attitudes Towards Cannabis Before legalization, societal attitudes towards cannabis were largely negative, shaped by decades of prohibition and criminalization. Cannabis users were often stigmatized, and the substance was frequently associated with deviance and illicit behavior. However, as public discourse began to evolve, many Canadians started to question the efficacy of prohibition and recognize the potential benefits of cannabis, both medicinally and recreationally. The mov

中樞神經感染是指腦部或脊髓受到病原體的入侵而導致發炎現象。正常情況下，腦和脊髓受到外層顱骨、脊柱以及其下三層腦膜（硬腦膜、蜘蛛網膜、軟腦膜）的保護，病原體不易入侵，但如果因為外傷或手術植入物、周邊組織（鼻竇炎、中耳炎、骨髓炎等）的感染，或是病原體直接血行性入侵，就有可能引起中樞神經的感染。 腦炎或腦膜炎在臨床上可能會表現出頭痛、頸部僵硬、意識改變甚至發燒現象，但也有一部分的病人並不會出現以上特徵，導致早期診斷有所困難。 刷牙刷錯不會瘦！牙周病讓脂肪肝、糖尿病難改善，改掉4習慣遠離牙周病 老是消不掉的內臟脂肪或 脂肪肝 ，問題可能就在口中，除了是平常「吃」出來的，竟還可能與牙周病有關！日本專家提醒，所謂「食慾之秋」代表食慾特別旺盛，這個時節特別容易累積脂肪，更要加強口腔健康，4個你可能不曉得的刷牙習慣一次看！ 脂肪肝與糖尿病可說是「一體兩面」，因為包覆著肝臟的脂肪太多，除了直接影響到肝臟機能，也會降低能量代謝，如此一來身體多餘的糖分都囤著，糖尿病風險也上升，二者陷入互相影響、惡化的負面循環。 但沒想到，「牙周病」還會與脂肪肝、糖尿病一起加劇這個負面螺旋！牙醫師栗原丈德指出，牙周病會在口腔中引起發炎症狀，產生的發炎物質會阻礙胰島素運作，造成血糖容易上升，此時身體多餘的糖分被送往肝臟轉為 三酸甘油脂儲存下來，脂肪肝惡化、糖尿病風險變高，而糖尿病又會進一步讓牙周病惡化，形成糟糕的連鎖反應！ 子宮肌瘤長不停！分清你的肌瘤體質原因，中醫教你用對3手段根除禍患 除非造成嚴重症狀，一般 肌瘤 的治療方案仍會以保守治療與追蹤為主，如常見藥物異位寧，是一種黃體素的製劑，可以透過負回饋抑制子宮內膜的生長，達到治療子宮肌瘤的作用。只有在肌瘤生長激素過快、大小超過六公分、壓迫器官、造成不正常出血，或會影響患者生育計畫時，才會建議手術。 然而，手術並無法一勞永逸的根治子宮肌瘤。根據統計數據顯示，肌瘤在手術切除後，5年內單顆肌瘤的復發率約在35%左右，有多顆子宮肌瘤的患者5年內復發生長的機率更超過七成。子宮肌瘤的易發體質影響因素繁多，若不從肌瘤的養成體質進行調理，患者就會反覆被同樣問題所困擾。 自己煮一定比外食健康？常見7個做飯習慣很傷身，做錯1事還可能致癌 食安問題 越來越受重視，開始自己下廚的人也變多了。自己煮能夠更好控制熱量、掌握食材來源，但小心料理過程中有些常見的習慣，有可能傷身程度不輸

Introduction The legalization of cannabis in Canada in 2018 not only represented a significant social shift but also marked a transformative moment for the country’s economy. Prior to legalization, the cannabis market existed largely in the shadows, with a significant portion of sales occurring through illegal channels. This article examines the economic landscape before legalization, the growth of the cannabis industry, tax revenue implications, challenges faced by existing businesses, and predictions for the future of the cannabis market in Canada. Overview of the Economic Landscape Pre-Legalization Before the legalization of cannabis , the economic landscape was characterized by a thriving underground market. The illicit nature of cannabis sales meant that the government missed out on substantial tax revenue, while consumers were exposed to unregulated products that posed health risks. Estimates suggested that the illegal cannabis market in Canada was worth billions of dollars, fu

Introduction The legalization of cannabis in Canada has sparked significant discussions about its implications for public health and safety. With the introduction of a regulated cannabis market, the government aimed to strike a balance between providing safe access to cannabis for adults and minimizing the potential risks associated with its use. This article examines the goals of public health in the context of legalization, the regulation of cannabis products, health risks and benefits, youth access and education, and trends in cannabis use post-legalization. Goals of Public Health in the Context of Legalization The primary goals of public health following cannabis legalization included reducing the harms associated with illicit drug use, ensuring the safety and quality of cannabis products, and protecting vulnerable populations, particularly youth. By regulating cannabis, the government aimed to create a framework that would minimize health risks while promoting responsible consum

 Summary The future of medical cannabis in Canada is poised for significant growth and transformation, shaped by evolving legislation, innovations in research, and changing public perceptions. This article explores the current legal landscape, highlights advancements in medical cannabis research and technology, and examines trends in societal attitudes toward cannabis. Understanding these factors is essential for anticipating the trajectory of medical cannabis in Canada. A. Evolving Legal Landscape In recent years, Canada has witnessed considerable changes in its legal framework governing cannabis. The Cannabis Act, enacted in October 2018, marked a landmark shift, legalizing both recreational and medical cannabis use. Since then, there have been ongoing discussions regarding further reforms aimed at enhancing access, improving regulation, and ensuring patient safety. Recent legislative changes have focused on expanding the list of qualifying medical conditions, simplifying the appli

Summary Medical cannabis has emerged as a promising alternative for managing chronic pain, providing relief to patients who may not find success with traditional treatments. This article explores the impact of chronic pain, examines how medical cannabis can serve as an effective pain management option, and discusses the importance of integrating cannabis into comprehensive pain management plans. Understanding these aspects can empower patients and healthcare providers to make informed decisions about pain treatment. A. Chronic Pain and Its Impact Chronic pain is a pervasive condition affecting millions of individuals worldwide. It is often defined as pain lasting longer than three months and can arise from various sources, including arthritis, fibromyalgia, neuropathy, and injuries. Chronic pain not only affects physical well-being but also has significant emotional and psychological consequences, leading to anxiety, depression, and a reduced quality of life. Traditional pain manageme

很多時候，我們以為脊椎側彎的人一定是姿勢不良所造成的，探究為什麼會罹患脊椎側彎，會發現無法簡單歸因在單一因素上，事實上脊椎側彎是一種複雜的疾病，涉及多個生物學、環境和遺傳因素。 探究脊椎側彎形成的原因，其實和遺傳有著密切的關聯。從家族病例上發現，脊椎側彎可能與特定遺傳相關。根據研究，家族裡若有人罹患脊椎側彎，那麼一等親屬的罹患風險約為11％；同卵雙胞胎一同罹患側彎的機率更高達73％，證明脊椎側彎的確與某些特定基因發展有關。 前庭系統負責維持身體平衡和姿勢控制。根據研究，側彎患者也可能因前庭系統功能失衡，身體無法正確感知和維持平衡，進而導致脊椎的不正常彎曲。 多活幾年、到老不腰痛！從腹肌到小腿，4個動作練下半身肌肉！ 隨著台灣步入 高齡化社會 ，健康地老去或許是每個人的願望之一。而想要在老後能做自己喜歡的事，仍能四處「趴趴走」的話，除了存錢之外，「存肌肉」也十分重要，可確保自己老後的生活品質。 肌肉有許多的功用，包括能更好的維持身體活動，較不易受傷、提升基礎代謝、守護骨骼與內臟等。而對高齡者來說，想要有精神地外出用餐、購物，享受喜歡的運動，預防老後臥病在床等，盡可能地提升肌力相當重要。 小腿又可號稱為「人體的第二心臟」。研究指出，當雙腿活動、肌肉收縮時，可以透過擠壓血管幫助血液流回心臟。若小腿肌力不足，不僅血液循環變差，還會增加心臟負擔。 鍛鍊腰大肌、調整骨盆不腰痛！3組動作躺著就能練 人人皆有可能活到100歲的時代已經到來，然而若要到百歲還能開心生活、不會變得需要看護、臥床不起，讓自己能持續走路、活動的話，專家指出，鍛練腰大肌相當重要，不僅對行動有幫助，還可以避免骨盆歪斜、 內臟下垂 ，甚至加速手術、開刀患者的復原速度。 日本健身教練鈴木亮司指出，若要讓自己無論何時都能健康地持續走路，除了腳力以外，鍛練腰大肌更為其中要點。腰大肌是從腹部內側持續延伸至髖關節的內部肌肉，不僅是連結人體上半身與下半身的唯一肌肉，也會與諸多活動（如步行等）肌肉間接產生關連。 不同於一般人對肌肉鍛鍊需要辛苦飆汗的印象，教練推薦的腰大肌鍛鍊方法，躺在地上就能進行！鈴木亮司表示，站著運動的話，為了維持平衡，身體多餘的部位會出力，較無法順利鍛鍊目標部位。此外，對高齡者來說，躺著鍛鍊也可以避免無力時容易跌倒的風險，即使是70、80歲的民眾也可以輕易地挑戰為其優點，而且不須特地空出運動時段，起床後、睡

Summary The science of medical cannabis is rooted in a complex interaction between cannabinoids and the body’s biological systems. This article explores how cannabis works in the body, reviews current research and evidence supporting its efficacy, and discusses safety concerns and potential side effects. Understanding these aspects is crucial for patients and healthcare providers alike, as they navigate the therapeutic potential of cannabis in medical treatments. A. How Cannabis Works in the Body At the core of how cannabis affects the human body is the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This intricate system plays a vital role in regulating various physiological processes, including mood, appetite, pain sensation, and immune response. The ECS consists of endocannabinoids (naturally occurring compounds in the body), cannabinoid receptors (primarily CB1 and CB2), and enzymes that break down these compounds. Cannabinoids found in cannabis, such as THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabi

Summary Medical cannabis is increasingly recognized for its therapeutic benefits, and a variety of products are available to meet the diverse needs of patients. This article explores the different forms of medical cannabis, how to choose the right product, and guidelines for dosage and consumption methods. Understanding these aspects is crucial for patients seeking to maximize the benefits of medical cannabis while ensuring safety and efficacy. A. Forms of Medical Cannabis Medical cannabis products come in several forms, each with its unique characteristics and uses. The most common types include: 1. Dried Flower : This is the traditional form of cannabis, often smoked or vaporized. Dried flower provides immediate effects, making it a popular choice for those seeking quick relief from symptoms. 2. Oils : Cannabis oils are concentrated extracts that can be ingested or used sublingually (under the tongue). They offer a precise dosage and can be easily incorporated into food or beverage

過度換氣症候群（Hyperventilation Syndrome）在快節奏的現代生活中愈發常見。當發作時，人會感到明顯的呼吸窘迫，彷彿「吸不到空氣、快窒息了」，這常被誤認為是「缺氧」。然而，過度換氣實際上是由於呼吸過快過淺，導致血液中二氧化碳濃度異常下降，進而可能引發一系列身體和心理的不適。 症狀可能突然出現並在幾分鐘內達到高峰，經歷過的人常形容為「吸不到空氣」、「感覺要死掉了」。重要的是，這些症狀可能與其他健康問題相似，因此確診需要專業醫療人員的評估。 然而，在我們進一步探討過度換氣症候群的識別和應對策略之前，必須首先強調一點：專業醫療意見是至關重要的。無論您的症狀看似多麼典型，或者您認為已經非常了解自己的身體狀況，過度換氣症候群的診斷與治療都應由專業醫療人員來指導。這不僅是為了確保您獲得準確的診斷，也是為了保障治療的安全性和有效性。 髖關節影響行動力？換人工髖關節容易脫臼嗎？骨科醫師：高風險族群動手術前記得做一件事 「該邊痛」難啟齒？長期臀、髖、大腿痛不見好轉，走路跛行，甚至痛到沒辦法自由行動？出現這些症狀，建議檢查是否髖關節出問題。髖關節連接骨盆及大腿，是影響下半身活動的重要大關節，當 髖關節 有病變且藥物與復健治療無效，就可能需要動手術更換人工髖關節。 年輕或運動量較大的族群，考量到襯墊磨損，可考慮搭配抗磨損抗氧化的維他命E襯墊，幫助大幅延長耐用年限；亦可同時搭配3D列印鈦骨髖臼杯，近似人體骨小樑的立體結構，有助於骨骼生長，加強植入物和髖骨之間的緊密結合。 有些藥只能一次吃半顆！醫師傳授湯匙切藥簡單搞定，但這些藥不能剝半或磨粉 但由於劑量的需求，往往只需要半顆藥錠，但先切好的藥和 藥粉 一樣容易變質，而直接用手剝開藥錠，有時會導致藥片碎裂或不均勻，這樣不僅會影響藥物的劑量，還可能讓孩子服用時感到不適。 如果有經常需要將藥錠切割成兩半的需求，建議直接去藥局買一個切藥器備在家中，更精確地分割藥錠，還能減少藥物碎屑的產生，讓藥片保持完整。 藥物的劑量與服用方式直接影響治療效果，無論是切藥錠還是服用藥物，都需要保持精確與小心。透過湯匙或切藥器的輔助，能讓藥物切割變得更加簡單，也確保孩子服用藥物的劑量準確，下次再遇到需要切半的藥錠時，不妨試試！ 幾點睡算熬夜？醫揭晚睡族6特徵：肥胖風險大增35％，小心癌症緊跟在後 現代生活節奏快，越來越多人因為工作、學習或娛樂而養成